Early colorectal cancer lesions is limited to the colon mucosa or submucosa of colorectal cancer. Now people think, colon mucosa from mild hyperplasia severe dysplasia is the evolution of early colorectal cancer pathology. Therefore, early detection of these lesions, the tumor treatment and prognosis of great significance. Shenyang Military Region General Hospital Jiayuting Professor at this meeting, endoscopic, biomarkers and pathology, etc., on the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Endoscopic diagnosis of early colorectal cancer is the important technical means
Over the past 30 years, with the popularity of endoscopic and various endoscopic instrument development, innovation, made in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer possible. In order to facilitate found lesions more clearly observe the subtle mucosal changes and determine the depth and scope of diseases, it is now already have developed some of the special features of endoscopic and related technologies: magnifying endoscopy (also known as expanded endoscopy), mucosal imaging can be more than 100 times magnification, focus on colon crypt openings change; endoscopic pigment spending cloth (also known as endoscopic pigment, usually with rouge indigo, violet blue and cresol as a sprinkling of cloth), through the distribution of pigment inflammatory lesions, tiny polyps and malignant polyps and make diagnosis; fluorescence (also known as fluorescence endoscopy), Lee by porphyrin derivatives in the accumulation in tumor tissue with a laser fluorescence them to indicate a need for biopsy material and focus on the location of positive detection rate; endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), through endoscopic ultrasound equipment of tumor location, extent and concentration, the depth of tumor invasion - for accuracy rate of over 80%, while also in lymph nodes and distant organs whether transfer; MRI endoscopic images can be used to scan from the preoperative staging, the distal colorectal cancer diagnosis preoperative staging is a simple method; CT image reconstruction colonoscopy (CTC), or CT “colonoscopy.” Application of the technology is not colonoscopy, instead of using the CT will be the point of the colon (2D and 3D) imaging data, the screening without pain, easier for patients to accept.
Biomarker detection is a new way
Endoscopy, imaging and histopathologic examination Although from the shape and structure for early colorectal cancer found to provide a reference, but not necessarily to achieve early detection, early diagnosis purposes. In recent years, both at home and abroad, the researchers found that certain tumor biomarker, such as tumor-associated antigens, hormones, receptors, enzymes, such as tumor gene product and the changes in the tumor and development. If familial adenomatous polyposis gene (FAP), mismatch repair genes (MMR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), k-ras gene, p53 gene, these markers used alone or in combination with early colorectal cancer detection sensitivity and specificity , were significantly higher than the occult blood test results. These two methods of detecting colorectal adenomas sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 90%.
Pathologic diagnosis should quantify the diagnostic criteria
Through pathological examination of the results obtained, mainly based on the naked eye doctors pathological observation, judgment, but different pathologic specimens by the same doctor made the judgment often have some differences. So, as far as possible, should be quantified pathological diagnosis criteria, such as abnormal glands, nuclear / cytoplasm ratio of nuclear and high standards mean nuclear area, would make it possible to reduce human error in the diagnosis, thereby further improve the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
In addition, the application of principles of organization of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer at the same time, can not ignore the role of cytologic diagnosis. The normal intestinal epithelium updated every 72 hours, a cubic centimeter of colorectal tumors have a day × 108 cells exfoliated. Therefore, from the stool, for the tumor cells early colorectal cancer diagnosis is one of the important ways. This is a non-invasive, simple and reliable diagnostic methods.
A variety of techniques can be combined to improve the diagnosis rate
Currently, early detection of colorectal cancer mainly by means of endoscopy, special endoscopic, and other pathological test. The development of these technologies will undoubtedly increase early detection, early diagnosis of colorectal cancer risk. However, although the endoscopic examination of the lesion may direct, and easy to find disease, mucous membrane color change significantly uplift of the lesion, but right type of surface lesions are difficult to detect. Large pigment or combining fluorescence endoscopy Although technology can improve the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, this is still the naked eye observation, coupled with the experience and endoscopic doctors of different levels, it is inevitable there will be judgment errors and missed diagnosis. In addition, the biopsy site and the difficulty of accurate pathologic findings are directly affecting factors. Even pathological examination of the vast majority of lesions can be given certain diagnosis, but for individual lesions, especially for the grade dysplasia and severe dysplasia and early cancer boundaries, pathological physicians sometimes have differences of judgment, its conclusions are often different. In recent years, despite domestic and international right of the colorectal cancer markers made many studies, especially some of the gene markers have been found for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer provides new means, but so far the ideal sensitivity and specificity of tumor biomarker very little. At present, even in the detection of doctors found signs of positive reaction, we can only make the conclusions of suspected cancer, if further confirmed by endoscopy and pathology examination needed help.

Colorectal Cancer TCM Treatment

Side 1

     Oral】 【Recipe: Sunburn Astragalus, the TGP, the Dangshen 15g, Angelica, the 12g Corydalis, Fructus, the 9g Banxia, orange peels, Zhigancao, costunolide the 6g, red - 3g.

     Topical: frankincense, safflower the 6g, TPG, peach kernel, and the 12g Xiangfu, ferulic 4.5g. A total of inquiry bowl.

     】 【Indications of colon cancer. Abdominal pain, it will be impeded, professor of Lean, Xing Shou-Wei; Tongue thin nose, pulse string slide. Blood is certified, poly drug Stasis condensate, Evil Heat, failure to upright.

     Usage】 【medication taste, a daily. Topical flour into a paste with honey - deposition hurts, gauze external fixation, the dressing was changed every 24 hours.

     Side 2

     【Recipe: Dangshen, Dendrobium, Ophiopogon japonicus, Hubei, Fu Shen, Sang cuttlebone, raspberry, Dodder, the psoralen 9g, astragalus, all night cross vine 15g, orange peels, ginger Banxia the 6g, Amomum wt.

     [Indications] after colon cancer metastasis. Hematochezia, chest tightness pan-dioxin, abdominal distention intake, stool pond thin, night sweats, thirsty to drink more, more Houjian present phlegm, weight loss fatigue, low heat.

     [Usage: taste, a daily.

     Side 3

     【Recipe: Radix Pseudostellariae, Dendrobium, cockroaches, millet, malt all 12g, Jiao macrocephalae, Poria the 9g, Zhigancao, Kawatsure the 3g, heat costunolide 4.5g, Hedyotis diffusa 30g, 18g Solanum nigrum, Bergamot 6g.

     [Indications] of colon cancer after surgery. Then, we pond, intake bacteria, moss symptoms, pulse virtual fine.

     [Usage: taste, a daily.

     , 4

     【Recipe: 12.8 gold disc, and the Hawthorn 12g, Shek see wearing the mountain arrowhead, August Jat, Astragalus, the 30g Spatholobus suberectus, Baijiang grass, dangshen, Salvia all 15g, rhubarb 6g, Poncirus trifoliata 10g.

     Indications】 【advanced rectal cancer.

     [Usage: taste, a daily, 30 days for a course of treatment.

My english is poor,this Prescription you must after TCM doctors confirmation.

Early colorectal cancer no special symptoms, later, if there are symptoms should think of colon cancer, screening should be timely, so as to avoid delay. ① stool of change, as will the frequency, constipation, blood in the stool or mucus and blood it. ② bloating, abdominal pain or abdominal mass hit. ③ obstruction performance. ① anemia, the evil of quality.
Colon cancer screening barium enema or double-contrast barium and fiber colonoscopy mainly cancer with DRE most simple and practical, or by rectum, sigmoid colon examination. CT, MRI and examination, to the understanding of tumor invasion and metastasis found helpful. The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a non-specific, but colorectal cancer can be positive as much as 70% after it more suitable for monitoring whether the recurrence and metastasis.

The proliferation of cancer metastasis
    (1) Invasion along the longitudinal axis upper and lower intestine invasion of slow, from the invasiveness of small, marginal tumor less than 2 ~ 3 cm. Along the horizontal invasiveness somewhat faster than vertical, about half of the Runchang can invade 1 / 4 weeks, invasiveness week about a year and a half to two hours, compared to other gastrointestinal cancer is relatively slow. In addition, tumor invasion to the deep layer after 93,240 to the adjacent organs and the spread of organ and tissue adhesion fixed.

   (2) lymph node metastases of colorectal dentate line above lymphatic drainage points, in the direction of the three groups. Rectal upward along the presacral lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels of the iliac lymph nodes adjacent lymph nodes or mesangial root of abdominal aortic lymph nodes. The group, the extension of bilateral medial pots diaphragm, the lateral ligament within the internal iliac lymph node spread to the lymph nodes before uplink. Under the group through the diaphragm pots within the ischial rectum Waterloo iliac lymph nodes of the lymph nodes upward and downward through the sphincter and anus to the skin inguinal lymph nodes. General 8 cm from the anal margin above the rectum lymphatic drainage most progressive, in the direction of running, but was lymphatic cancer, may also infarction downward drainage. 8 cm from the anal margin of the rectum down most of lymphatic drainage, so this section of the tumor resection of the rectum with the anus should be removed and the surrounding fat. The lymphatic cancer less colon cancer metastasis

Colorectal cancer precursor lesions including: ulcerative colitis, intestinal adenoma and colorectal polyps, in my recent years there has been an upward trend. Precancerous Lesions mainly colorectal adenomas, colorectal cancer formation of the first multi-cancerous adenomas of the latter. High incidence area in colorectal cancer, colon polyps and adenomas were also higher morbidity, they may have cancer. The rate of malignant colorectal polyps at home and abroad in the report generally about 10% of older adults should be more vigilant.
Other reported large crowds for the sigmoid colon examination will be found to be adenomatous polyp resection, followed by the 25 checks that the incidence of colorectal cancer decreased significantly. Thus, the right colon precancerous lesions to take positive surgical treatment.
If eat less fat, eat more fiber-containing foods, to the carcinogenic substances in the stool or rapidly reduce emissions, which reduces the possibility of cancer. Interest in the development of colorectal adenomas in colorectal cancer may be important pre-cancerous lesions, once found should be promptly removed, this is a good way of preventing cancer. In eating, eat high-fiber low-fat, low cholesterol diet, eat salted and smoked or processed food preservatives, less steak, eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grain foods, and given vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and beta-carotene, calcium and a fresh food materials that can prevent colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions occurred.

The World Health Organization said that the newly discovered stomach cancer each year and nearly half of Helicobacter pylori infection. About 60% of people infected with Helicobacter pylori, which may easily suffering from stomach cancer. Recent research has shown that, after the removal of the stomach of Helicobacter pylori infection could precancerous lesions and the incidence of gastric cancer risk reduction of 40%. Helicobacter pylori infection prevention to prevent disease from the mouth, and wash their hands before meals and after, had heated to high temperatures to eat cooked food, drinking water, wash raw fruits.

In addition, Professor Song also stressed that, if the Food and mildew, caused food mildew fungus contamination strong carcinogenic substances in food production fungal drug under generate large amounts of nitrite and two amines, nitrosamines in the stomach while synthetic compounds and carcinogenic.

Habit 2: Hi eat bacon and pickles

Salted vegetables, bacon and smoked fish contain a lot of nitrate and nitrite in the stomach can be translated into strong carcinogenic substances. Eat bacon and pickles like Japan, China, South Korea, the incidence of stomach cancer was higher than that of other places. At the same time, eat a lot of red meat, eat no law, a perfect hot food also increase the risk of gastric cancer. Professor Song, vitamin C, and E can prevent cancer formation of nitrite, eat more fresh fruits, vegetables, beans, dairy products, eat less fried, salted drying, smoked food, eat moldy food, the use of refrigerator storage of food, good eating habits is the prevention of gastric cancer - Guarding factors.

Habit 3: smoking and drinking

The study confirmed that smoking so that the relative risk of gastric cancer incidence has doubled, and both smoking and drinking crowd relative risk of gastric cancer incidence increased by five times. The study of 69,962 adults conducted a follow-up survey found that daily smokers than those who never smoke increase the risk of gastric cancer of 88%, and the earlier the age of smoking initiation, the number of daily smoking more, continuing the longer smoking, the higher the risk of gastric cancer. James and not when compared with tobacco, smoking more than 20 a day at the same time every two weeks drinking more than five times the number of people, the incidence of gastric cancer risk increased by 4.9 times.

Smoke contains a variety of carcinogenic substances, smoking male died of stomach cancer is the number two non-smoking male times, the longer or smoking also people with a history of gastric ulcer with gastric cancer more likely. Alcohol can also gastric injury, and promote the absorption of carcinogenic substances. Smoking restrictions wine is very important for the protection of health.

Habit 4: mutual love

Modern medical research has shown that people encountered in a series of tension or sad incident, the activity of lymphocytes decreased immune function by inhibiting the tumor created the conditions. Several epidemiological studies of the past, patients with gastric cancer had “an introvert with a mutual love” features. Beijing Institute of tumors in patients with gastric cancer and cancer testing found cancer patients have depression, introverted, not flexible personality characteristics. 73.4% of cancer patients had experienced combat life events, and only 51.1% of the control group. Life events encountered by the spirit of combat more serious, the relative risk of gastric cancer and also higher.

Colorectal cancer diagnosis.The elderly colorectal cancer misdiagnosis rate higher, mainly due to early symptoms of mild, did not draw attention to the patients, the symptoms are often the elderly than slow, delaying medical treatment. Clinicians on colorectal cancer symptoms, often understand the competent judgment because of intestinal dysfunction, hemorrhoids, chronic diarrhea, enteritis and other diseases, but not for further examination. There are reports, cancer misdiagnosis rate as high as 50% to 80%, most of misdiagnosis of more than six months, or more, the patients cured lost early opportunities. Therefore, in the case where the elderly should consider the possibility of colorectal cancer, the need for the necessary medical examination and special inspections.

(1) the recent sustained abdominal discomfort, pain, flatulence.

(2) stool habits changed and there constipation, diarrhea, or both alternately.

3. Blood in the stool.

(4) unexplained anemia or weight loss.

(5) abdominal mass.

Diagnosis, including medical examination and consultation as ① abdominal palpation: Check whether abdominal mass. ② digital rectal examination: physicians with gloved index finger up anal examination, it is an important step. Geographically, anal cancer at 8 ~ 10 cm and more to be touched. To clarify its position, size, activities, whether narrow, and so on. Special inspections include sigmoid colon or rectum-1 (endoscopy) were examined. About 70% to 75% of colorectal cancer in less than 25cm from the anus, applications can be found in the sigmoid colon Mirror should adopt needle biopsy sent to pathological examination, diagnosis, to prevent misdiagnosis. ② barium enema X-double contrast barium, right over the middle of the sigmoid colon cancer is an important method for the screening of up to 90% positive rate. Its purpose is to observe the whole picture colon to check for multiple polyps and cancer more, local availability of intestinal damage, filling defect in the wall or rigid lumen stenosis. There ileus should not use barium enema examination, unsuitable for barium meal examination. ③ by fiberoptic colonoscopy (endoscopy) were examined. Be careful observation of the whole colon internal lesions, can needle biopsy examination, camera, pedunculated polyp removed. ④-yuan serum carcinoembryonic (CEA) testing. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer without specificity (meaning carcinoembryonic antigen test is not necessarily positive colorectal cancer), but right judgment efficacy and recurrence of liver metastases is particularly significant. ⑤ CT (computed X-ray tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) examination. Opponents recurrence or metastasis of the size and scope to provide for the surgical treatment of reference. ⑥ fecal occult blood test: immunoassay and chemistry, immunoassay sensitivity and specificity are high and the chemical method. This method often census colorectal cancer screening when applications for further positive occult blood endoscopic examination.

When the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and to identify the disease, including other malignancies, benign tumors, inflammation, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, amoebic disease, STD granuloma, trauma, chemical injury, and radiation enteritis. The diagnosis should be careful and meticulous.

[To] 
(1) to eat with Colorectal Cancer role of foods such as soft-shelled turtle, TAL, sheep blood, quail, drying, Eucheuma, walnuts, seed, Arrowhead, taro, fig, siderite, asparagus, carrots. 
(2) moderate diet hedgehog meat, wild pork, vegetables, taro, Ebony, Yangmei, fig, towel gourd, bitter gourd. 
(3) to eat with immunity-boosting food: tomatoes, honey, sweet almonds, carrots, asparagus, concanavalin, lentils, yam, sturgeon, Muraenesox cinereus, drip, mandarin fish, yellow croaker, sea cucumbers, shrimps, lobster, mushrooms, black fungus. 
(4) to eat a detoxification role in letting food: loofah, wax gourd, sweet almond, peach kernel, buckwheat, Brasenia schreberi, rape, the
The first dish, Houttuynia, walnuts, GENERAL vegetables, snake meat, kidney, crow meat, fish, clams, snails meat. 
(5) abdominal pain, blood in the stool, diarrhea, constipation, poor appetite classic reference to the content of intestinal tumors. 
(6) reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy food: Turtle, turtle, pigeons, quail, goose blood, Bullacta exarata, Northland, Loach, MA clams fish, mandarin fish, kiwi fruit, fig, apple, orange, green bean, bean, black beans, seed, walnuts, mushrooms , loofah. 

【Bogey - 
(1) bogey tobacco, liquor. 
(2) bogey onions, garlic, Chinese prickly ash, peppers and other spicy food irritation. 
(3) mycophenolate bad bogey, salted food. 
(4) bogey greasy, fried, barbecue food.

Colorectal cancer in the United States, Canada and Western European countries such as the list of diseases in the East, Southern Europe the incidence medium, and Africa, Asia and Latin America in part for the low morbidity. Actually, a guitar, colon rectum are the inseparable. High incidence of the disease in developed countries, over the past 20 years, the incidence or mortality no notable changes. The degree of risk in the medium or low in the country, colorectal cancer showed increased momentum. In recent years the diagnosis of colorectal cancer treatment and prevention have been some new developments. Epidemiology and etiology through research, and further clarified the diet and colorectal cancer relationship, it is possible through improved lifestyle to prevent colorectal cancer. Pathology presented in a more reasonable phased program, emphasized the diagnosis of rectal examination on the importance of cancer diagnosis. Fiber colonoscopy is the early detection of patients feasible. In recent decades, various biological and technological development, so that people can understand the tumor biology of the treatment program of weight. But anorectal surgery in the treatment of tumor status has not been reduced, the treatment of tumors and that the en-bloc resection of the regional lymph nodes, the cure rate increase under the premise of improved surgical methods, keeping the anus and reconstruction of the anus, to improve the quality of life. At the same time launched a radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the treatment, preoperative radiotherapy can reduce disease and improve surgical resection rate and reduce the rate of distant metastasis, postoperative radiation therapy can reduce the relapse rate. Chemotherapy election still 5 - 5-fluorouracil drugs.

http://www.cancer-research.org.cn/category/Colorectal-cancer/

How to detect early colon cancer?
For early detection of colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer rather than the common misconception that older symptoms of intestinal dysfunction, or mistaken, enteritis caused by shigellosis. The elderly, it is important to pay attention to the following symptoms:
(1) the sustainability of unknown causes constant attack or abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal discomfort.

(2) elderly constipation often the habit stool 3 ~ 5 days time, the recent significant

increase constipation, or has chronic diarrhea, especially alternating constipation and

diarrhea, more vigilance from the elderly.

(3) defecation are sluggish, stool and fine, not feeling row, with mucus in the stool and

vegetables.

(4), the abdominal mass touched stuck. Elderly patients with newly diagnosed when touched abdominal mass, or about 60%.

(5) The unexplained weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, chronic anemia. In short, the elderly if one or more of the above symptoms should promptly to the hospital for further examination, to exclude the possibility of suffering from colorectal cancer. The digital rectal examination, fiber colonoscopy, barium enema X-ray, pathological examination of tissue, about 90% to 100% of the patients will be diagnosed. If done early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve elderly patients with colorectal cancer in five years, 10 years survival rates.