Physical examination is early detection of cancer and precancerous lesions important ways. Medical indicators in the blood test, ultrasound, X-ray, referring to the seizure of anorectal, gynecological examination of Pap smears, breast molybdenum and palladium radiography are commonly used cancer screening methods.

• blood test blood found in the medical examination is an important means of early cancer detection of tumor markers in the blood of various indicators of whether the increase can be found, identification of various malignancies. Such as: AFP AFP available on the primary hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor embryonic gonad. Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA increased significantly, a common colon cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, cholangiocarcinoma; There liver cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer has also increased.

• gynecological examination by Pakistan’s Pap smear staining methods can detect cervical cancer early detection rate of about 60% -70%.

– The use of color Doppler ultrasound imaging technology, a clear majority of systemic organ to discover whether there are lumps and lesions.

• X-ray X-ray through the human body, because organs and tissues of different densities show images, which show that lung tumors directly, or via emphysema, obstructive pneumonia, pleural effusion and indirect change for chest tumor.

• anorectal that can be identified from seized roughly seven centimeters anal margin of -10 cm anus and rectum whether lesions and lesions in nature.

• gastroscopy and colonoscopy directly with the naked eye observation of the stomach, intestinal mucosa color of texture, shape gland opening, whether to identify the disease, to do biopsies of suspicious lesions diagnosed.

Colorectal cancer should be actively control of precancerous lesions of the colon polyps, especially multiple familial polyposis colon to the early lesion resection; Schistosomiasis Control and vigorously, dysentery, chronic ulcerative colitis and intestinal inflammation. Attention to diet, avoid fat, eat more fiber-rich food, defecation to maintain patency. The middle-aged and older high-risk groups for regular fecal occult blood test, digital rectal examination and endoscopic colon screenings, early detection may rectum and colon cancer effective way.

Domestic reports, confirmed by the organization of colorectal cancer patients without effective treatment, the natural course of an average of 9.5 months. The disease prognosis depends on early diagnosis and surgical cure. As early colorectal cancer and more silent, the majority of newly diagnosed patients, the late session, colorectal cancer survival rate after five years is only 50.21%. Prognostic factors:

(1) cell differentiation levels: a low level of differentiation, bad prognosis.

(2) of age: younger patients than older patients and poor prognosis.

(3) the wall depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis: Early colorectal cancer have lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis.

(4) Other: Colorectal circumference of the extensive involvement has been gut
     Colorectal cancer should be actively control of precancerous lesions of the colon polyps, especially multiple familial polyposis colon to the early lesion resection; Schistosomiasis Control and vigorously, dysentery, chronic ulcerative colitis and intestinal inflammation. Attention to diet, avoid fat, eat more fiber-rich food, defecation to maintain patency. The middle-aged and older high-risk groups for regular fecal occult blood test, digital rectal examination and endoscopic colon screenings, early detection may rectum and colon cancer effective way. Domestic reports, confirmed by the organization of colorectal cancer patients without effective treatment, the natural course of an average of 9.5 months. The disease prognosis depends on early diagnosis and surgical cure. As early colorectal cancer and more silent, the majority of newly diagnosed patients, the late session, colorectal cancer survival rate after five years is only 50.21%.

Prognostic factors:

(1) cell differentiation levels: a low level of differentiation, bad prognosis.

(2) of age: younger patients than older patients and poor prognosis.

(3) the wall depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis: Early colorectal cancer have lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis.

(4) Other: Colorectal circumference of the extensive involvement has been gut
     Obstruction, the five-year survival rate generally only half of those without obstruction. There intestinal bleeding, perforation, peritonitis and septic complications, poor prognosis.

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer that. The middle-aged or middle-aged and older patients (especially familial colorectal cancer or intestinal polyps), any recent unexplained blood or bowel habits will change, or unexplained iron deficiency anemia, we should first consider the possibility of this disease, we must lose no time to carry out the inspections.
(A) stool examination: fecal occult blood test for the diagnosis of the disease were not specific, but the method is simple and can be used as screening tools census, or provide clues to early diagnosis.

(2) digital rectal examination: My segment of rectal cancer than seen abroad, about 77.5%, the majority of rectal cancer in the rectum examination when touched.

(3) sigmoid endoscopy: 77.7% of colorectal cancer in the rectum and sigmoid colon, the sigmoid used by the 30cm long, can be directly found anal canal and rectum and sigmoid middle of the following tumors.

(4) barium enema X-ray examinations: sigmoid colon lesions in the upper position or higher are required to conduct barium enema X-ray examination. General barium enema X-ray examination of small colorectal cancer easily missed, the best use of double-contrast barium can improve diagnostic accuracy rate, and show the location and extent of tumor.

(5) fiber colonoscopy examination: to be clear of all colon, and in the heart of forceps from a pathological examination of suspicious lesions is conducive to the early and small colon cancer diagnosed and found to further increase the rate of correct diagnosis of the disease, colorectal cancer is the most important means of inspection.

(6) serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Determination: In the serum of patients with colorectal cancer can be detected carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is a glycoprotein, often seen in the serum of patients with cancer, colorectal cancer is not related to the specific antigen, serum CEA determination is the right of consultation Broken not specific. But by RIA detection of CEA for quantitative dynamic observation of the effects of judgment and monitoring colorectal cancer recurrence after a certain significance. If colorectal cancer by surgery after resection of the tumor completely, serum CEA is gradually declining; If relapse, but also increased again.

(7) Other inspections: rectal ultrasound scan can clearly show rectal mass, size, depth and the surrounding tissue, and can distinguish between layers of the wall straight micro-structure, inspection method is simple, rapid delivery of images to choose surgery, postoperative follow-up to a certain extent help. CT examination of tumor infiltration of the intestine, liver and lymph node metastasis of important significance to the recurrence of rectal cancer diagnosis more accurate.
http://www.cancer-research.org.cn/category/Colorectal-cancer/

Long-term constipation can lead to colorectal cancer. Because of the long-term constipation is one of the causes for the partial eclipse of the moon or eat vegetables too small, too little food in cellulose. However, colorectal cancer in a high animal protein, high-fat, the so-called “fine eating” Europe and the United States and other countries mainly higher morbidity. Therefore, it was suggested that partial eclipse of high-fat, high-protein diet, liquid liner may intestinal anaerobic bacteria and increase produce more carcinogenic substances, such as acid molecular structure and carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons is very similar; In the intestinal anaerobic spindle Bacillus can Deoxycholate carcinogenic substances into 3 — methylcholanthrene. The partial eclipse, less food cellulose, constipation big knot in the gut to stay in the stool time, the stool in the higher concentration of these carcinogenic substances, which may induce colorectal cancer, it can increase the incidence of colorectal cancer. Polyps are generally refers to the uplift in the gastrointestinal mucosal surface prominent cavity lesions. Colorectal polyps means any uplift in the mucosal surface of the lesion Said name only that the naked eye appearance, does not indicate some pathological nature. Gastrointestinal tract polyps in the colon the most common, especially the rectum and sigmoid colon, particularly the size of 2 mm in diameter can be since 10 centimeters above to below, for more droppings caused chronic stimulation. Long-term constipation, the stool in the colon stay too long. The stool of crude residue and stimulate the intestinal epithelial long-term foreign body, making it easy for a large intestinal damage. Long-term stimulus or intestinal epithelium, undermining local stable state of equilibrium, so that excessive cell proliferation; Exfoliated cells or slowed down; Or both club of polyp formation processes. Therefore, long-term constipation can lead to colorectal polyps.

http://www.cancer-research.org.cn/category/Colorectal-cancer/

Chinese cuisine for preventing colorectal cancer
(1) Adding bitter
【Material made - bitter, a ginger, onions 1.

[Method of] Wash the seeds of bitter thinly sliced ginger Wash, thinly sliced, green onions washed segments. Then lard clean, gently hunger, and bitter fry, fry seasoning, or compares with the volume of consumption.

(2) Auricularia yuba like rabbit meat

[Materials] Auricularia 15g, a yuba, rabbit meat combo, ginger 2.

【Immersion method of fungus - Wash yuba segments of the soft foam; Rabbit meat cuts, ginger slices. The cream, rabbit meat, ginger slightly explosions, plus adequate water, and the fungus, yuba like cooked chicken, seasoning top, or compares with the volume of consumption.

(3) mushroom rice beans brew pig intestines

[Materials] pork intestine about 50cm, diced green bean, black three, glutinous rice 1 / 4 cup (according to the size of pig colon quantitative)

[1] method of mung bean, glutinous wash soak for three hours, until washed Baptist soft cut fine, colon salt wash. ② mung beans, rice, dried tablets until seasonings, meat into pig intestines (not installed too full) use of substitutes colorectal ends. ③ the installed tile good pork intestine Add to pot, and boil water modest 2 hours, remove garlic tablets, food and condiments can be invited.

Many people living in neglected hematochezia symptoms, the wrong blood in the stool that is not timely treatment of hemorrhoids, this is likely to result in colorectal cancer misdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, delays disease.

A 56-year-old female patient with hemorrhoids history of more than 10 years, often intermittent blood in the stool, almost a month to be increased volume, it is not after the flu, accompanied by abusing it, the DRE examination found that from the mouth anal 8 cm anterior rectal wall texture is hard, uneven surface mass-from rectal biopsy, pathology results colorectal cancer.

Early symptoms of colorectal cancer is not clear, for the first painless blood in the stool or bloody mucus, especially in patients with a history of hemorrhoids are easily overlooked the disease, cancer will be misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids, polyps, and enteritis.

Unknown cause of blood in the stool, should promptly take the following examinations: 1. Digital rectal examination, about 80% of colorectal cancer by digital rectal examination was found; 2. Mirror Mirror sigmoid colon or rectal examination; 3. The barium enema examination. Surgical resection is the main treatment of colorectal cancer, so vigilance blood in the stool, early screening, early detection, early surgery can greatly enhance the effectiveness and increase opportunities for cure.

Colon Perforation
1. Pathological changes and the clinical manifestations

(1) acute peritonitis-piercing: the features of the tumor in the colon perforation and abdominal same, larger cracks, large colon into the abdominal contents logistics acute diffuse peritonitis, Clinically, patients with acute perforation in the former accompanied ranging from the low level of obstruction, pain, abdominal distention and stop defecation and precursor symptoms; Visibility asymmetric abdominal intestinal whole abdominal tenderness and muscle tension.

(2) subacute-piercing abscess: pathological perforation often occurred in the primary tumor site, and without colon obstruction exists. Because of the continual growth of tumors, cancer of the Nutrition Center obstacles, necrosis, Rupture, and peritoneal off the same. For small perforation, tumor proximal lumen without obstruction, mesocaval pressure is not high, the colon into the abdominal cavity and less relief, the surrounding tissue adhesion formation of localized abscess or inflammatory parcels mass. Clinical perforation in patients with acute abdomen often pre-clinical manifestations, such as intra-abdominal abscess formation, there will be limitations with abdominal pain, persistent high fever, elevated blood, abdominal tenderness obviously hit the mass.

(3) chronic perforation of the colon fistula: the growth of colon cancer infiltrating the surrounding tissue and adjacent organ involvement with the adhesion of the primary cancer tumor necrosis off. When penetrating perforation adjacent organ involvement, forming different types of colon fistula, a common clinical organs fistula for colon fistula ileum and colon fistula jejunum, colon and colorectal gastrointestinal fistulas duodenal fistula.

2. Treatment

(1) the treatment of acute peritonitis perforation: carcinoma of the colon perforation caused by peritonitis, perforation short time, three to four hours within a short time of the preoperative active preparations should be OK for tumor resection of the lesion and perforation. If critically ill patients with peritoneal after serious pollution or perforation with shock, not tolerance larger operation, will stage stoma, peritoneal drainage, secondary tumor resection anastomosis suitable.

(2) abscess formation perforated colon cancer treatment: right colon and proximal transverse colon perforation caused by the abscess to Stage I tumor resection and anastomosis is feasible, and the left distal transverse colon perforation of the colon abscess Hartman’s surgery should be the first choice, if the patient-poisoning symptoms. The first abscess drainage and secondary tumor resection and anastomosis suitable.

(3) cancer of the fistula treatment: for this type of perforation of the colon without acute clinical process generally do not have emergency surgery can be dealt with adequately in the preoperative preparation circumstances elective surgery for stage radical mastectomy or tumor resection.

(3) anorectal cancer of the digestive tract bleeding is one of the major causes bleeding, bleeding under the speed and clinical divided into three types, acute hemorrhage, bleeding dominant and recessive bleeding. Right anorectal cancer caused by the treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, including two principles, one for bleeding control, the second is itself cause cancer treatment. According to the hemorrhagic type, and tumor patients generally, and other aspects of comprehensive consideration, as appropriate, individually or both balanced implementation.

(1) hemorrhoids: Cancer is often mistaken for hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids and more generally for painless bleeding, fresh color is not mixed with feces, and the blood in the stool of patients with colorectal cancer accompanied symptoms stimulate mucus and rectum, sigmoid colon and rectal examination that can be seized funding differential.
     (2) amebic colitis: When evolved into chronic diseases, ulcer granulation base and the surrounding fibrous tissue hyperplasia, bowel wall thickening, mesocaval narrow, easily misdiagnosed as cancer, the need for biopsy at this time. Sports nutrition cookbook
     (3) intestinal tuberculosis: age of onset lighter, more than any other organ previous history of tuberculosis, occur in the cecum. But the proliferation of intestinal tuberculosis, because of the influx of Tuberculous granuloma and fibrous tissue hyperplasia, the bowel wall thickening, stiffen and easy to confuse and blind colorectal cancer, a biopsy can be diagnosed, x barium meal examination, the lesion can be found in the bowel or hopping phenomenon, the diagnosis helped.
     (4) Limitations enteritis: Good of the youth, common abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weight loss, anemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal mass and fistula formation signs and symptoms, the x barium meal and fiber colonoscopy can be identified.
Mr Green-letter-classification
     (5) chronic dysentery: Patients may be in abdominal pain, diarrhea, chicken is rare, mild moderate, the stool culture, barium enema and endoscopy, it is not difficult to make the diagnosis.
     (6) ulcerative colitis: Symptoms of chronic dysentery pretty close, but recurrent history of negative stool culture, sigmoid colon examination Visibility was fine granular mucosal changes of texture disappear, and with erythema of congestive Oval small ulcers, its surface covered with regular leakage of yellow-white, serious have large irregular ulcer. Nutritional diet diet
     (7) Other: If confronted lymphoid granuloma, rectal endometriosis, colonic diverticulitis Shanghai, with symptoms, signs, x-inspection and fiber colonoscopy purpose Kam.

1. Multiple malignant colorectal adenomas and malignant familial adenomatous polyposis colorectal cancer is a common cause of morbidity.
2. Changes in bowel habits and the nature of stool, change shape colorectal cancer is common clinical manifestation, there will be serious and tar-like stool will be.
3. For the majority of colorectal cancer, mucinous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, surgery is a common treatment. Chemotherapy is not sensitive to colorectal cancer (less effect), specific anti-cancer treatment, treatment for colorectal cancer is the focus.
4. Colorectal cancer is a good location peritoneal metastasis and liver and postoperative patients every three months should be regular ultrasound examination, serum CEA examination facilitate prognosis and guide treatment.
5. “Elimination of the four-step detoxification” of colorectal cancer have some long-term effect.